Population: 22 395 848 (July 1998 est.)

Age structure:

0-14 years: 19% (male 2 169 581; female 2 078 515)

15-64 years: 68% (male 7 571 619; female 7 668 689)

65 years and over: 13% (male 1 213 406; female 1 694 038) (July 1998 est.)

Population growth rate: -0.32% (1998 est.)

Birth rate: 9.33 births/1 000 population (1998 est.)

Death rate: 11.62 deaths/1 000 population (1998 est.)

Net migration rate: -0.88 migrant(s)/1 000 population (1998 est.)

Sex ratio:

at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female

under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female

15-64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female

65 years and over: 0.71 male(s)/female (1998 est.)

Infant mortality rate: 18.83 deaths/1 000 live births (1998 est.)

Life expectancy at birth:

total population: 70.47 years

male: 66.67 years

female: 74.47 years (1998 est.)

Total fertility rate: 1.17 children born/woman (1998 est.)

Nationality:

noun: Romanian(s)

adjective: Romanian

Ethnic groups: Romanian 89.1% Hungarian 8.9% German 0.4% Ukrainian Serb Croat Russian Turk and Gypsy 1.6%

Religions: Romanian Orthodox 70% Roman Catholic 6% (of which 3% are Uniate) Protestant 6% unaffiliated 18%

Languages: Romanian Hungarian German

Literacy:

definition: age 7 and over can read and write

total population: 97%

male: 98%

female: 95% (1992 est.)