The territory of the Commune of Firenzuola stretches from the high basin of the River Santerno and the border with the Region of Emilia Romagna in the North, to the Tuscan-Romagna Appennines and the Futa Pass as far as Monte Paganino in the South. The area of the Commune’s territory is. 272,06 sq. km (the eighth largest commune in Tuscany ) with a population of 4.719 inhabitants (as of 30/11/1998) and a distribution of around 17.3 inhabitants per sq. km. Construction of the main town started in the year 1332 according to the Florentine people’s wishes. However, the decision taken by the Florentine Republic to build a "terra nuova" goes back to 29 April 1306, in order to fight against the Ubaldini Family which dominated both part of the Mugello and the valley of the Santerno, creating a serious obstacle to the Republic’s expansion. Later, in 1371, when a sturdy city wall had been built, the Rock was built as the seat of the Podestà. The origins of the new land’s name were proposed by the historian Giovanni Villani as Firenzuola, or small Florence, and its coats of arms show half those of the Commune of Florence (the lily) and half those of the people (a red cross on a white background).

In 1736, following the Treaty of Vienna, Firenzuola was chosen to be the seat of the delegates of European powers who decided that Tuscany should pass under the rule of the Lorraines of the House of Austria.

In 1807 after Tuscany was occupied by French soldiers following Napoleonic conquests, the territory of Firenzuola was assigned to the Modigliana administrative district (Tuscan-Romagna area) and later returned to Tuscany during the reign of Grand-duke Ferdinand III;

The artist Michelangelo (Agnolo) di Ser Bastiano Giovannini, known as the Firenzuola, was born in Florence in 1493 but to a Firenzuolan family, and thus his name was given;

The Commune is made up of the following districts: Bordignano, Bruscoli, Caburaccia, Camaggiore, Casanuova, Castelvecchio, Castro San Martino, Coniale, Cornacchiaia, Covigliaio, Filigare, Frena, Giugnola, Le Valli, Montalbano, Monti, Moraduccio, Moscheta (Badia di), Piancaldoli, Pietramala, Rifredo, San Pellegrino, Traversa.

The main town is at an altitude of 422 metres above sea level. The area has a good climate, particularly pleasant in Summer, which has helped the development of holiday facilities and residential tourism throughout the territory.

The main river in the commune is the river Santerno, which rises in the Futa Pass and crosses the territory for around 28 Km until it reaches the Moraduccio area on the border with the Province of Bologna.

The surrounding Communes are: San Benedetto Val di Sambro, Monghidoro, Monterenzio, Castel del Rio, Palazzuolo sul Senio, Borgo San Lorenzo, Scarperia, Barberino di Mugello, Castiglion dei Pepoli.