History in Naples

Naples history is evident in many of the buildings currently in existence. Walking and exploring the streets of Naples will give you an idea of the rich history of this city.

In the 8th century B.C., settlers from Greece, colonized the Ischia Island in the Bay of Naples. The original inhabitants were overruled by the settlers of the Greek colony, and Neapolis was founded. Neapolis means "New City" in Greek. It is during this time, structures such as the theater were built in Naples. The Greek culture remained even after the Romans occupation in the 4th century B.C.

During the Roman era, the city of Naples started to become a popular pleasure spot largely because of its climate. Luxurious villas lined the Gulf of Pozzuoli. Roads leading to Naples were constructed, opening up the city to more visitors. The Romans also enlarged the port and the public baths.

Over the years, Christianity played a vital role in the Roman Empire including the construction of catacombs and the first basilica which was built near the catacomb’s entrances. The reign of the Roman Empire ended when Naples was invaded by the Lombards.

Emperor Constans II permitted Naples to be ruled locally for approximately 100 years. In 840, Naples became an independent city. It was ruled by landowners and warriors and was not a merchant city like its neighbors. During the Lombard invasion, some of the popular buildings were constructed including the Church of San Giovanni a Mare and Castel Capuano.

In 1266, the city and Sicily were assigned by Pope Clement IV to Charles of Anjou. Charles of Anjou moved the capital from Palermo to Naples and built Castel Nuovo as his residence. A new district around the castle was developed, and many Gothic churches were constructed, including San Lorenzo Maggiore, the Cathedral of Naples, Santa Chiara and Santa Maria Donna Regina.

In 1284, the kingdom was split into 2 parts: the island of Sicily and the mainland. The mainland was referred to as the Kingdom of Naples. Over the years, the Kingdom of Naples grew and produced great artists like Giotto and Petrarca.

During World War II, Naples was the first city to fight against the Germans. This period is known as the "Four Days of Naples." When the Allies arrived, Naples was already free. The city is now known as an important transportation hub in southern Italy.