Penang is a well known tourist destination in Asia, and knowing a bit of Penang History will help you appreciate and enjoy the rich culture and tradition of the city.

Early Days

Penang was first discovered during the 16th century by Portuguese traders who named it Pulo Pinaom. The island later became a natural settlement harbor for Indian, European, Chinese and Arabian ships and traders. The island became part of the Malay Sultanate in 1500, but was later surrendered to the British East India Company in exchange for military protection from the Burmese and Siamese armies in 1786. In 1805, Penang received the elevated status of “Residency.” 

Strait Settlements

Penang later became part of Straits Settlements in 1826. However, in 1867 the place was rattled by the Penang Riots and the fighting got out of control, resulting in the British authorities having to call for reinforcements to bring order and control. In 1869, the Suez Canal was opened and this created room for growth and development in Penang.  The island prospered and attracted more traders and settlers. During the 20th century Penang became a cosmopolitan and thriving British colony.

World Wars I and II

Besides the naval attack that sank the Allied warships off the Penang Harbor, the First World War had a modest effect on Penang and its development. However, the Second World War created a great social upheaval in Penang. With the withdrawal of the British forces, Penang became defenseless and fell into the hands of the invading Japanese army. Several people fled to avoid begin captured and tortured by the Japanese army; most of these atrocities are well-documented.

Post-War

In 1945, after the Japanese army unconditionally surrendered, the war was officially over. It was discovered that George Town and Penang had actually survived the bombing of the war. In 1946 the Straits Settlement was dissolved and Penang was freed from British colonialism. Penang became part of the Malayan Union and Federation of Malaya in 1948 and also became part of the 13 states of Malaysia. On January 1, 1957 Queen Elizabeth II made George Town a city.

Post-Independence

Penang continued to be under British control until 1957 when it gained independence and became part of Malaysia. After Penang had become independent, the government was changed from being parliamentary to democratic. The free-port status was revoked and riots, economic downfalls and unemployment rocked the city. However, the city has regained its economic status and Penang has become the economic powerhouse of Malaysia.