History Of XinJing A.R

      xinjiang was known as "western region" in history. it has been a component part of our unified and multi-nationality country for more than two thousand years. from 60 b.c.,when the han dynasty instituted the military viceroy's office in the western region, xinjiang was under the direct jurisdiction of the government of the western han dynasty. what was known as "western region"at that time coincides the vast areas about today's lake balqash and the pamirs.

      after the han dynasty, china's wei, jin and the subsequent dynasties in the epoch of division between south and north all established offices in the western region to assert the country's sovereignty over it, and initiated the administrative "jun and "xian" (county) system here. the earlier liang dynasty instituted gaochang jun in present day turpan and put it under the government of shazhou (now dunhuang county, gansu province). all this shows that the frudalist centralized power was strengthened further in the western region..

      in the tang and sui dynasties, the administrative system adopted here by the central government of ancient china was developed further, the sui dynasty, earlier and later, instituted shanshan jun (now kumul prefecture). the tang dynasty instituted the county under the "xhou", the "xiang"(township) under the county, and the "li" (district ) under the townshiip in conformity with the administrative system practiced in the other parts of the country. the anxi military viceroy's office and the beiting militery viceroy's office were the two supreme bodies of militery and administrative power established by the tang dynasty in the western region. the former governed the extensive areas south of the tianshan mountains and the west of the pamirs, the latter the vast land north of the tianshan mountains, including lake balqash..

      the yuan and ming dysasties instituted an office here and named "daluhuachi" for the administration of the local affairs of the various areas of xinjiang. afterwards, the dynasties established, in addition, alimali administrative office, and also, the military viceroy's office, the administrative office and the headquarters of the marshal in bieshibali and other localities. they set up coutier stations along the roads of stratgic importance. the ming dynasty initiated the kumul (hami ) military district.

      the qing dynasty, in huiyuan city of ili (south of today's horgas city), founded the office of the ili and other areas (the ili general is the shortened form of the office ) for the rule over entire xinjiang. in 1884, the qing givernment established xinjiang province, unified its administrative system and strengthened its ties with the other provinces of the country . from them on , the administrative center of xinjiang was shifted from ili eastward to urumqi..

      the revolution of 1911 led by dr. sun yatsen overthrew the rule of qing dynasty and founded the republic of china. in xinjiang, the revolutionaries had also organized armed uprisings in urumqi and ili in conjunction with the upper circles of minority groups.

      since it was founded in 1921, the communist party of china (cpc)has devoted attentions to the liberation of xinjiang people. it was in early 1930s that the cpc had sent cadres to xinjiang after the eruption of the war of resistance against japanese aggression, the cpc organs in xinjiang established anti-japanese national united front with local kuomintang government and opened cpc xinjiang office. the office organized a widely involved mass countribution movement in xinjiang to support the war of resistance against japanese aggression in central china.

      in 1994, a revolution against the rule of kuomintang government broke out in ili, tacheng and altay, giving strong support to the war of liberation led by the cpc.

      in september 1949, xinjiang was liberated peacefully. and on october 1 of the same year, xinjiang people, with people in other parts of the country together, celebrated the founding of the people's republic of china. since then xinjiang's history opened a wholly new page.

      the history of xinjiang is closely bound up with the world-famous silk road. xinjiang lies on a section of the road of strategic importance and, therefore, changes in the history of xinjiang have had effects on the rise and fall of the silk road