People
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Population: 4 297 629 (July 1998 est.)
Age structure:
0-14 years: 39% (male 843 839; female 813 837)
15-64 years: 57% (male 1 211 477; female 1 249 085)
65 years and over: 4% (male 67 842; female 111 549) (July 1998 est.)
Population growth rate: 1.6% (1998 est.)
Birth rate: 26.24 births/1 000 population (1998 est.)
Death rate: 8.7 deaths/1 000 population (1998 est.)
Net migration rate: -1.58 migrant(s)/1 000 population (1998 est.)
Sex ratio:
at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.03 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 0.96 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.6 male(s)/female (1998 est.)
Infant mortality rate: 72.89 deaths/1 000 live births (1998 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:
total population: 61.3 years
male: 57.68 years
female: 65.11 years (1998 est.)
Total fertility rate: 3.26 children born/woman (1998 est.)
Nationality:
noun: Turkmen(s)
adjective: Turkmen
Ethnic groups: Turkmen 77% Uzbek 9.2% Russian 6.7% Kazakh 2% other 5.1% (1995)
Religions: Muslim 89% Eastern Orthodox 9% unknown 2%
Languages: Turkmen 72% Russian 12% Uzbek 9% other 7%
Literacy:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 98%
male: 99%
female: 97% (1989 est.)
